Thursday, November 28, 2019

Globalisation Friend Or Foe Essays - Geography Of Sydney, Sydney

Globalisation: Friend Or Foe Globalisation: Friend Or Foe Dramatic Changes have taken place in Sydney's cultural and economic landscapes during the past two decades. These changing landscapes have been linked in both political discourse and the popular press to Sydney's emerging role as a ?global city'. Evidence supporting this theory has come from some academic analyses of globalisation in the 1990s. Global cities are identified by their role as command centers for organising the global economy. Such cities have been characterised by their openness to global flows of commodities, money, ideas and information. They have become destinations for both national and international migration of skilled information workers, but also magnets for new streams of global labor migration. The Asia-Pacific Rim has been one of the primary sources of these new flows of international migration into Sydney (Fagan, 2000, pg. 144). The aim of this essay is to gauge the impact of the said globalisations on the various landscapes of Sydney, as globalisation has effected different areas of Sydney in different ways. The principle areas discussed in this paper are Leichardt, Chinatown, Cabramatta, Darling Harbour, the CBD and Pyrmont. The impacts of cultural globalisations will be discussed first, followed by those of economic globalisations. Economic globalisation will be divided into 2 parts: primary impacts and subsequent impacts. Migrant communities are an attribute of many large western cities and particularly of global cities. In the case of Leichardt, however, Italian settlement occurred prior to Sydney's emergence as a Global City. The display of the symbols of Italian settlement in the form of signage, businesses and social organisations is a cultural attribute of Sydney's global city status (Searle, 1996). The maintenance and marketing of this ?heritage status' for urban planners and tourism authorities is a key feature of global cities (Searle, 1996). A primary example of the developers and tourism authorities attempting to capitalise on the heritage value of Leichardt is illustrated in Plate 1. Resident Italian-Australians, and tourists alike, can be seen dining and shopping among the Italian Forum in the foreground and middle distance of the photograph. The situation of Chinatown is similar to that of Leichardt in terms of its heritage value. Chinatown, like Leichardt, was established prior to Sydney's global city status. Its heritage is a magnet for Chinese-Australians and tourists alike as seen the central foreground of Plate 2. The Pallou Plaza is lined with specialty Chinese shops, conference centers/social clubs. Cabramatta is one of the direct results of Sydney's global city status. Cabramatta is comprised of migrants predominantly from Southeast Asia seeking the economic opportunities that are available in global cities such as Sydney. In Plate 3 the predominately Asian human landscape of Cabramatta can be seen quite well. Many of the economic activities of Cabramatta rely on the global flows of migrants. Immigrant consultants and travel agents are perhaps the best example of these activities. The proliferation of American fast food restaurants in global cities is evidence of both cultural and economic globalisation. The fact that an increasing number of Australians are eating at American fast food chains is exemplary of cultural globalisation, while the business side of the transnational chains is evidence of economic globalisation. Plate 4 provides a strong example of the dominance of American chain restaurants in Sydney. Along the central horizontal axis of the photograph 5 different American food chains can be seen: (from right to left) Hungry Jack's, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, McDonalds, and Planet Hollywood. Economic Globalisation Economic globalisation has perhaps made the most visible impacts on Sydney. One cannot ignore the presence of MNC's in the Sydney Skyline. In the center, middle distance of Plate 5 (from left to right) IBM, Nestle, Samsung and Martins' Sydney headquarters can be seen overlooking the city. In the more immediate center, middle distance, McDonalds and Sega World (of Darling Harbour) contribute transnational presence on the Sydney landscape. The presence of multinational corporations has triggered a number of multiplier effects in Sydney. Large-scale convention centers, entertainment centers, luxury residences for transnational business class executives and new transportation networks all among the new developments that have been constructed as a result of the presence of multinational corporations. The Sydney Convention Centre (Plate 6) of Darling Harbour was planned by the New South Wales Government to be a world class venue and thus draw world class events (www.dha.nsw.gov.au). Such a venue would only be constructed in a city of global status. The planning and urban restructuring of the City West Urban Strategy that is taking place in Pyrmont has an overwhelmingly global context. The recent and projected changes are consistent with the patterns other global cities have adopted in urban waterfront areas where former

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Environmental Determinism Essays

Environmental Determinism Essays Environmental Determinism Paper Environmental Determinism Paper Although environmental determinism has been acclaimed throughout history, it has been lately declining; it has also been divided into arioso subsets including, climate, economic growth and many more. Since ancient times, many prominent Greek philosophers leaned on the idea that they Were more developed than other societies due to their great climate. Plato, Aristotle and Strata were supporters of these ideas; it was Strata who wrote that the psychological disposition of races is influenced by the climate. An East-African writer, AY-Jazz, related environmental determinism with the theory of evolution to explain skin colors. He believed that environment aspects of the black basalt rocks in the Arabian Peninsula were the cause of he dark-skinned African people and animals. An Arab sociologist, scholar and also first officially known environmental determinist, Bin Chalked, who wrote the Macadamia (1 377), stated that most dark human skin color is due to the hot climate in the region. This belief was supported by many people but was later flamed around the years sass because it was believed it was a justification for imperialism and racism-Environmental determinism reached its maximum point in the 19th century when the German geographer Frederica Rtees and his students, Ellen Churchill Sample and Ellsworth Huntington, used it as the central theory of discipline and was quickly expanding. By the early sass environmental determinism was being replaced by environmental possibility because it was said that environmental determinism was to broad of an explanation and it generalized cultures and behaviors just because of direct observation. By the sass environmental determinism was fully replaced by environmental possibility. Environmental determinism has various subsets, one which is the climatic subset, sometimes known as the equatorial paradox, which was studied greatly by Ellsworth Huntington. The climatic subset is a theory to be part of a geographical economy. It is believed that the tropical climate regions or countries tend to be less developed than the countries further to the equator. Following this theory about 70% of the economic development of a county can be predicted from the distance between that country and the A clear example of this may be Canada whose GAP of 2011 was $1. Trillion U. S dollars and is located far north of the equator, Nicaragua whos near the equator and has a GAP, as of 2011, of $7. Billion U. S dollars. Also, Chile who is southern more of the equator has a GAP of $248. Billion U. S Dollars as of 201 1 as well [2]. This theory has counter-examples due to high investments done within the country and also resources such as oil, fish, wood, and many more. Another us best of environmental determinism is the economic growth. Geography is a great influence in the economic growth because people usually tend to move to more productive areas where you tend to have easier access to resources. Usually, countries that have a vast access to fresh water, arent land locked, have great climate, good soil, good route access and are closer to the sea, tend to be the most prosperous. Of course this may change depending of what kind of resources you have, some desert countries tend to have oil and become and exception. Environmental determinism has shown a great impact of culture. People who are used to live near the tropical sea tend to eat a lot of fish food, usually know how to swim and according to a Jamaican stereotype, they are more relaxed. People who live in the snow or really intense cold weather are usually more depressed, slow, have higher rates of suicides and mostly, and have more tendency for hot drinks. Finnish and Russians have a vodka drinking stereotype, meanwhile tropical climate entries like Nicaragua and Puerco Rice are usually more into rum. We also have Chile and France who have a chilly weather and tend to drink more wine. Environmental determinism has been around for ages, it has slowly been fading away since new theories are coming up and many exceptions and showing. Many famous philosophers, geographers, scientists and even writers support the idea of environmental determinism, which can be related to the theory of evolution and can be an explanation of the different skin colors that not only us, humans, have developed but also many other types of animals in different regions. Environmental determinism can be used to determine about 70% Of a countrys economy because you can tell by the geographical position of the country if its land locked, has fresh water access and also vast resources.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Explain the arguments for and against the multiple forms of Essay

Explain the arguments for and against the multiple forms of acquisition (as stated in the article) which can be used as the basis for a company's strategy for entering emerging markets - Essay Example gh different stages preferably starting with the process of acquiring minimal equity stake of other company which can over the years be converted into complete acquisition. It allows a company to minimise the risk related to one time investment and opt for different growth strategies as per the requirement. Carlsberg began it journey in Poland through staged acquisition. The staged acquisition along with the advantage of minimising risk of large investment also has some flaws. One of the biggest flaws is that the process is time consuming and can take a company several years before it could actually start generating a good business. The company also gains limited access to the different local brands of the partially acquired company and thereby innovation factor takes a backstage. Multiple acquisitions can be defined as company’s aggressive form of expansion into the untapped markets. In this form of acquisition a company aggressively invests in acquiring multiple firms in the desired market and later integrating them under a single brand. This helps the company to gain faster access of the local market and the company can adopt the multi-tier strategy to think globally and act locally. Acquisitions of different firms and different brands not only increase the company’s brand value but also the market share. Carlsberg’s staged acquisition in Poland soon transformed into various multiple acquisitions. For any company multiple acquisitions along with advantage also highlight disadvantages in a big way. Multiple acquisitions features risk of high amount of investment which may affect a company’s future cash inflows. Secondly, opting for multiple acquisitions without prior knowledge of the local market can further add to the woes of company. Also if a company in the near futures decides to exit that market, the cost of exit will be very high. Indirect acquisition allows a company to acquire not only the desired firm or brand but also the equity stakes of